When the baghouse dust collector fails to generate sufficient suction, the core cause lies in insufficient system negative pressure and blocked airflow circulation. The
following common issues can be inspected in the order from the simplest to the most complex:
Filter Bag Clogging (The Most Common Cause)
If dust cleaning is not performed in a timely manner, an excessively thick layer of dust accumulates on the filter bag surface, which drastically reduces air permeability
and directly impairs the dust suction capacity.
High-humidity and high-viscosity dust forms a bonding layer on the filter bag surface, and even leads to bag pasting and caking, completely blocking the passage of
airflow.
Improper dust cleaning parameter settings: the injection time is too short and the pressure is too low, which cannot thoroughly remove the dust accumulated on the
filter bag surface.
Dust Cleaning System Malfunction
For pulse-jet type: damaged pulse valves, insufficient compressed air pressure, and clogged nozzles will disable the dust cleaning action, making the filter bag
increasingly clogged as dust accumulates.
For mechanical rapping type: the rapping device is worn and stuck, making it impossible to shake off the dust on the filter bag, and the dust cleaning effect is
completely lost.
Unpurified compressed air, which contains oil and water, is directly injected into the filter bag, causing the filter bag to get damp, condensate, and adhere to dust.
Abnormal Fan Power
Wear, dust accumulation on the fan impeller or loose fan blades drastically reduce the actual output air volume, making it impossible to provide sufficient suction force.
Aged motors, loose/reversed electrical wiring, and even reverse rotation of the fan will result in the fan output being far below the rated value.
If the fan air volume is undersized during equipment selection, it cannot match the actual dust generation volume under working conditions, leading to an excessively
high filtration velocity and great difficulty in dust cleaning.
System Air Leakage and Pipe Clogging
Seal failure at positions such as the joints of the equipment shell, top cover, ash hopper, access door, and air duct flange causes a large amount of external air to flow in
directly reducing the negative pressure inside the system.
The air inlet pipes, elbows, dust suction hoses/nozzles are clogged by water-bearing, oil-bearing dust or sundries, which obstructs the airflow and prevents the suction fo
rce from being transmitted to the dust suction point.
If the dust accumulated in the ash hopper is not cleaned for a long time, the dust will be re-entrained into the filter bags, adding extra burden to the filtration of the
filter bags.
Other Working Condition and Design Issues
Sudden change of dust characteristics: the sudden increase of dust humidity and viscosity far exceeds the adaptation range of the original equipment design, making
bag pasting and clogging extremely prone to occur.
Unreasonable box structure: uneven airflow distribution and too small spacing between filter bags cause overload on partial filter bags, leading to a rapid rise in
resistance.
Installation errors of new equipment: reversed fan wiring resulting in reverse rotation and misaligned assembly position of the air inlet directly lead to insufficient
suction of the brand-new equipment.
